Basketball Official | The HistoryMakers

William Baxter

Former National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) basketball official William C. Baxter, Jr. was born on May 16, 1940 in Harlem, New York at Columbian Presbyterian Hospital. His parents were Christine Juanita Segee Baxter Phillips and William C. Baxter, Sr. Baxter’s father owned a hat business in New York City. Baxter attended St. Augustine College on a basketball scholarship and received his B.A. degree in physical education in 1962. During the 1960s, he played guard in the summer pro-leagues and began officiating high school games in New York City. In 1972, Baxter passed the examination to become a college referee and began officiating for the Eastern College Athletic Conference (ECAC). In 1975, Baxter received his M.A. degree in recreation and education from Herbert Lehman College in New York City.

Baxter has worked as one out of approximately twelve African American officials in the New York-New Jersey region. He is also one of the first African Americans to become a basketball official for major college games. Baxter officiated at major annual tournaments for the NCAA. At the same time, Baxter served as Director of Recreation for the Department of Parks and Recreation in the Bronx, New York for thirty-seven years. In 2000, Baxter retired as an ECAC official, but continued to serve as a referee at the high school and junior college levels.

Baxter is married to Thelma Baxter. They reside in Englewood, New Jersey. They have two daughters, Dana and Dawn.

Accession Number

A2005.194

Sex

Male

Interview Date

8/10/2005

Last Name

Baxter

Maker Category

SportsMakers

Occupation

Basketball Official

Organizations

S.U.B.O.A.

Schools

P.S. 68

Ps 157 Benjamin Franklin School

Cooper Junior High School

Commerce High School

St. Augustine's University

Lehman College

P.S. 65 Little Red School House

Search Occupation Category

SportsMakers:Basketball

First Name

William

Birth City, State, Country

New York

HM ID

BAX01

Favorite Season

Fall

State

New York

THM DA Link

http://marc.thehistorymakers.org/thmdigital/A2005.194.htm

Web Clip 1

https://thmdaprodmedia.blob.core.windows.net/media/story/video/283635

Favorite Vacation Destination

Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts, Atlantic City, New Jersey

Favorite Quote

You Only Pass This Way Once, So Enjoy Yourself While You're Here.

Bio Photo

Speakers Bureau Region State

New York

Interview Description

A2005_194_EAD.pdf

A2005_194_EAC.pdf

Birth Date

5/16/1940

Birth Place Term

New York

Speakers Bureau Region City

New York

Country

USA

Favorite Food

Pie (Apple)

Short Description

Basketball official William Baxter (1940 - ) was one of approximately twelve African American officials in the Eastern College Athletic Conference during the 1970s. Baxter also served as Director of Recreation for the Department of Parks and Recreation in the Bronx, New York.

Employment

New York City Department of Parks and Recreatioon

Favorite Color

Green

Web Clip 2

https://thmdaprodmedia.blob.core.windows.net/media/story/video/283887

Timing Pairs

0,0:1395,35:4063,44:4630,55:8194,119:9652,139:9976,144:10300,149:18470,281:18902,288:19550,298:23454,392:32010,528:35475,580:39664,635:40036,642:45999,726:46780,742:60549,886:81566,1259:81854,1264:83294,1305:93778,1413:94170,1421:108774,1647:109588,1659:110328,1678:125205,1794:125985,1815:129990,1846:130494,1855:135390,1961:136758,2002:144938,2101:150936,2234:158080,2373:158688,2391:171834,2467:180914,2577:180368,2596:193244,2895:205006,2966:206680,3010:213030,3071:216160,3091:216736,3102:217024,3107:220768,3186:233450,3385:235250,3405$0,0:322,7:1078,18:35112,514:37906,561:46144,650:52790,732:60615,818:64890,901:65604,910:68968,950:70024,971:76448,1089:81754,1160:90498,1257:92330,1266:96334,1427:109490,1614:118670,1774:119660,1790:120110,1796:124620,1846:125076,2024:125380,2058:139044,2303:151945,2452:167038,2642:173670,2705:174550,2726:181740,2817:183315,2858:186015,2914:186315,2920:187065,2933:189915,2998:204336,3146:219597,3318:220112,3324:227219,3428:245774,3708:278300,4433

DAStories

Tape: 1 Story: 1 - Slating of William Baxter's interview

Tape: 1 Story: 2 - William Baxter lists his favorites

Tape: 1 Story: 3 - William Baxter describes his mother's family background

Tape: 1 Story: 4 - William Baxter describes his family's hat business and his mother's personality

Tape: 1 Story: 5 - William Baxter describes his father's background

Tape: 1 Story: 6 - William Baxter describes his parents' hat store in Harlem, New York

Tape: 1 Story: 7 - William Baxter details his career as a recreation director and basketball referee

Tape: 1 Story: 8 - William Baxter describes his maternal grandmother, May Segee

Tape: 1 Story: 9 - William C. Baxter describes his paternal grandfather, Dr. John E. Baxter

Tape: 1 Story: 10 - William Baxter describes his three siblings

Tape: 2 Story: 1 - William Baxter describes his childhood home and neighborhood in New York City

Tape: 2 Story: 2 - William Baxter describes his earliest childhood memories

Tape: 2 Story: 3 - William Baxter describes the sights, sounds, and smells of his childhood in Harlem, New York

Tape: 2 Story: 4 - William Baxter describes New York City's Little Red School House and Elisabeth Irwin High School

Tape: 2 Story: 5 - William Baxter recalls attending P.S. 157 and P.S. 68 in New York City

Tape: 2 Story: 6 - William Baxter remembers Harlem playground director, Holcombe Rucker

Tape: 2 Story: 7 - William Baxter describes his two part-time jobs in high school

Tape: 2 Story: 8 - William Baxter recalls attending Commerce High School in New York City

Tape: 2 Story: 9 - William Baxter recounts his decision to attend St. Augustine's College in Raleigh, North Carolina

Tape: 2 Story: 10 - William Baxter describes his basketball scholarship to St. Augustine's College in Raleigh, North Carolina

Tape: 3 Story: 1 - William Baxter recalls playing basketball at St. Augustine's College in Raleigh, North Carolina

Tape: 3 Story: 2 - William Baxter remembers his speech professor, Julia E. Delaney

Tape: 3 Story: 3 - William Baxter talks about his summer jobs during college

Tape: 3 Story: 4 - William Baxter describes his major and his college basketball experiences

Tape: 3 Story: 5 - William Baxter describes playing semi-pro basketball

Tape: 3 Story: 6 - William Baxter describes teaching at a junior high school

Tape: 3 Story: 7 - William Baxter talks about his wife and two daughters

Tape: 3 Story: 8 - William Baxter describes his work as recreation director for the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation

Tape: 3 Story: 9 - William Baxter talks about the growth of recreational facilities in New York City

Tape: 3 Story: 10 - William Baxter talks about his various positions with the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation

Tape: 3 Story: 11 - William Baxter describes the rewards and challenges of his career

Tape: 4 Story: 1 - William Baxter describes conflicts between different ethnic groups at New York City's St. James Recreation Center

Tape: 4 Story: 2 - William Baxter describes being recreation director for the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation

Tape: 4 Story: 3 - William Baxter talks about his wife's career

Tape: 4 Story: 4 - William Baxter talks about becoming a basketball officiate

Tape: 4 Story: 5 - William Baxter describes his basketball referee training

Tape: 4 Story: 6 - William Baxter describes the application process for a college basketball official

Tape: 4 Story: 7 - William Baxter describes his college basketball officiating career

Tape: 4 Story: 8 - William Baxter talks about fellow African American basketball officials

Tape: 4 Story: 9 - William Baxter describes referee calls and the physical demands of refereeing

Tape: 5 Story: 1 - William Baxter talks about officiating major tournaments and awards received

Tape: 5 Story: 2 - William Baxter describes his post-retirement activities and his role models

Tape: 5 Story: 3 - William Baxter reflects upon his life

Tape: 5 Story: 4 - William Baxter describes his hopes and concerns for the African American community

Tape: 5 Story: 5 - William Baxter describes people he has helped and his admiration for his wife

Tape: 5 Story: 6 - William Baxter shares his advice for young people

Tape: 5 Story: 7 - William Baxter describes how he would like to be remembered

DASession

1$1

DATape

3$4

DAStory

11$7

DATitle

William Baxter describes the rewards and challenges of his career

William Baxter describes his college basketball officiating career

Transcript

Let me come back to the challenges that you found as a recreation professional. What are some of the major challenges that you faced over your long career?$$Well, I know when I got to that recreation center [St. James Recreation Center, Bronx, New York], we had basically Jewish, Jewish personnel using the center as a senior citizen's center. However, there were a lot of Hispanics in the area who wanted to use our center who thought that they had been frozen out. So had to, and we invited them in to run their programs. Also we had to bring youth, youth programs in there also. So we had like a homework workshop and an after school program. We had senior citizens during the day. We had to mix the senior citizens with the youth, which was difficult. You had to, you had to get the Hispanic culture in there where they had, they had, they liked arts and crafts whereas the Jewish contingent, they wanted to go trips to Atlantic City [New Jersey] and places like that. Where the Hispanics all they wanted to do was, they wanted to have arts and crafts. They had, we had a feeding program we brought in there also. So it was very difficult to get the two cultures together, but it worked out after a while.$$How did you manage it? How did you, what resources did you pull in to help you do that?$$Well, we put the food program, we gave the card, they had some card players in there, we gave them a special room. The Hispanics wanted to engage in arts and crafts activities, we gave them a special area. We had a special area for the kids when they came in. We also had an environmental program in there we called the Bronx River Restoration Group was in there also. I'm floundering now, but just trying to touch base on how we did it. But we managed to get all those groups working there at one time and they all co-existed.$$When you were the top person for the borough, Bronx [New York] borough. What was your major challenges in that big position 'cause that was your last major position was it?$$Yeah, the major challenge was trying to motivate twenty-five and thirty year old workers to do, to do a job. It was very difficult to motivate people to work sometimes, especially when they were your peers at one time. We all worked at the same level at one time. I thought that was a major challenge to motivate them to be able to do certain things which they hadn't been accustomed to doing you know.$$All in all then, how many years did you work as a professional in the field of recreation?$$Thirty-seven.$$Thirty-seven years. Does that include the years, the summers that you worked between college [St. Augustine's College; St. Augustine's University, Raleigh, North Carolina]?$$Well, in fact, in those years I only worked two hours, two months in the summertime, but that was only a total of eight months. So when you leave they factor that time in. They factor that time in also.$$Very briefly, before we end this part of the tape, what did you enjoy about doing this kind of work?$$I enjoyed, when I run into, when I run to former kids that I worked with, when I run into them and I see that they're matured and they're grown up in a nice outstanding individuals and they say you were one of my role models, that makes me feel pretty good, you know. That they've done something, that they managed to stay out of trouble and then become productive in society and whatnot.$Do you recall the first college game that you officiated?$$Yeah.$$Where, where was that and what was the--$$Where was that? I think it was Pratt, Pratt Institute [Brooklyn, New York]. That was my first, my first college officiating game. My first varsity college game was at Queens College [City University of New York, Queens, New York]. I remember that vividly because it was my first varsity game. I think I started from there. When you come into college you do a, you go on the associates' list when you first get in. You doing it like freshman. At that time they had freshman basketball. You're doing a freshman game.$$When you started college officiating, how many games would you officiate a season?$$When I, when I first started or after you're seasoned?$$Well, after you, when you first started, how many were you doing?$$They don't give you that many. I had about, I'd say about a fifteen, fifteen games.$$These were night games, weekend games at the college level?$$Night games.$$Night games?$$Sometimes weekend, but after you become established you do somewhere from fifty to eighty, eighty to one hundred games, once you get started.$$A year?$$A year.$$A year.$$The top guys do, they do a one hundred games.$$How do you maintain your physical being for all of that?$$You have to stay in shape. You have to run, do a lot of running. I played tennis so that helped me out a lot. You have to do a lot of running to get ready for the season. They didn't want to see you very heavy. If you get too heavy, they, they drop you out, you know. Can't get too heavy, however, there are some guys that do get heavy, but they have so much experience that they need it, so they try to keep them hanging around.$$What did you have to do, let's say twenty-four hours or twelve hours before officiating a game? Was there any special things that you had to do for yourself to get ready for a game?$$No, normally when you go to those college games you had to be there an hour and a half before, before the game. That way it gives you a chance to have a pre-game with your partner, to relax. The athletic director is relaxed once he sees you come into the building, they give you the quarters and what not so you can discuss how you're going to call the game. You can hang your coat up and relax, just relax. You have to be there an hour and a half before time.$$And once the game is over, can you leave or is there things you have to do after?$$No, you leave. You take a shower and you have to wait for the other guy to finish, then you leave, leave together, make sure everybody leaves together.$$So you had some pretty long days when you were working and then officiating. How did your family live with all this?$$They took it, they took it in stride. You know, it's a very, it's a very well-paid position. People don't realize what the people get for those games.$$Well, I was gonna ask you, what, what was the compensation for the college games?$$Depends on what level. The Division I games, anywhere from $500 to $1,000 per game. And some of those guys do a hundred of those games you know, but Division III levels were hundred and a quarter, up $125.$$Tell me about some of the big tournaments, major tournaments that you eventually officiated at.$$Well, I was chosen to do the Division III Final Four, which was in Roanoke, Virginia. Once I was also sent to Buffalo, New York to do the Division III final. I did the Division II final in Springfield [New York]. It's called the Elite Eight, the last eight teams in the Division II colleges, which, I wasn't up there that year, but St. Augustine's [College; St. Augustine's University, Raleigh, North Carolina] went up there one year. I recall them going up there, for the Final Eight, but it's usually teams like Division II teams, like Virginia Union [University, Richmond, Virginia], St. Augustine, California, Bakersfield [California State University, Bakersfield, Bakersfield, California], teams like that, but it's a good brand of basketball 'cause that's the NCAA [National Collegiate Athletic Association]. And the Division I tournament, of course, is the very big tournament, where you have, where you have all the, Duke [University, Durham, North Carolina] and North Carolina [The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina] and Indiana [University, Bloomington, Indiana] and all those teams. That's Division I.

Read more about William Baxter

Charles Brown

Charles “Sweet Charlie” Brown was born in Canton, Mississippi, on February 24, 1936. Brown's parents, Ruby McClure Brown and Reginald Brown, Sr., moved to Chicago when Brown was still young, and playing basketball in Washington Park became the center of his activity. After attending grade school at Betsey Ross, Brown went on to attend DuSable High School.

In 1954, along with teammates Karl Dennis, Bobby Jackson, Paxton Lumpkin, and Shellie McMillon, Brown was part of the DuSable Panthers basketball team, which became the first all-black team to reach the finals of the Illinois state high school basketball championship. The Panthers finished second that season, with their only loss coming in the final game. Following high school, Brown briefly attended Indiana University before transferring to Seattle University; there, he joined basketball legend Elgin Baylor on the court, and Brown’s game winning shot against UCLA in the Elite Eight propelled Seattle to the Final Four in the 1958 NCAA tournament. The following year, Brown was named as an All-American.

Following his graduation from college, Brown played in the Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) on teams in Seattle and Chicago. Following his retirement from basketball, Brown worked as a community relations executive for the Jewel Grocery Corporation. He has since retired, but his passion for basketball remains. In 1994, Brown officiated over the Class AA Illinois state championship game, and the assignment director of referees for the Chicago Public League. In 1995, Lettuce Entertain You and Rich Melman began funding a senior basketball tournament, now known as the Windy City Shootout; Brown served as the president from the beginning of the tournament, which was aimed at players fifty and older from around North America.

Accession Number

A2004.154

Sex

Male

Interview Date

8/31/2004

Last Name

Brown

Maker Category

SportsMakers

Occupation

Basketball Player

Basketball Official

Organizations

Schools

Du Sable Leadership Academy

Betsy Ross Elementary School

Indiana University

Seattle University

Search Occupation Category

SportsMakers:Basketball

First Name

Charles

Birth City, State, Country

Canton

HM ID

BRO24

Favorite Season

Summer

State

Mississippi

THM DA Link

http://marc.thehistorymakers.org/thmdigital/A2004.154.htm

Web Clip 1

https://thmdaprodmedia.blob.core.windows.net/media/story/video/269941

Favorite Quote

Live It, Love It, And Make The Best Of It.

Bio Photo

Speakers Bureau Region State

Illinois

Interview Description

A2004_154_EAD.pdf

A2004_154_EAC.pdf

Birth Date

2/24/1936

Birth Place Term

Canton

Speakers Bureau Region City

Chicago

Country

USA

Favorite Food

Chicken, Fish

Short Description

Basketball player and basketball official Charles Brown (1936 - ) was part of the DuSable Panthers basketball team, which became the first all-black team to reach the finals of the Illinois state high school basketball championship. Brown went on to play in the Amateur Athletic Union on teams in Seattle and Chicago, and after his retirement, became the assignment director of referees for the Chicago Public League, and began funding a senior basketball tournament, now known as the Windy City Shootout.

Employment

Jewel Food

Windy City Shootout

YMCA of Metropolitan Chicago

Chicago Jamaco Saints

Buchan Bakers

Favorite Color

Blue

Web Clip 2

https://thmdaprodmedia.blob.core.windows.net/media/story/video/269945

Timing Pairs

0,0:750,20:6675,185:7125,194:7875,202:8400,210:13950,329:15525,364:30604,511:31274,533:33042,569:48184,721:48500,726:48974,733:49290,738:52529,790:70610,1001:74925,1041:80683,1114:82018,1130:82552,1147:92512,1223:113522,1471:113952,1477:121225,1534:124750,1623:125350,1633:128550,1641:129270,1651:130310,1665:151490,1915:158887,2022:159439,2032:172734,2232:173090,2237:177243,2312:181183,2399:181515,2405:186973,2468:197846,2640:201743,2685:216710,2928:217550,2939:218726,3020:226958,3120:227378,3126:228470,3146:233172,3163:234349,3177:242267,3291:251492,3413:255843,3472:270450,3644$0,0:725,7:1235,15:28466,440:31050,513:31526,528:31934,536:33294,558:33974,573:35470,619:42795,701:44007,717:45421,742:46330,753:50269,812:60624,908:63462,951:64580,968:75580,1131:82550,1184:87296,1227:87904,1236:97200,1414:123460,1729:125450,1759:126080,1770:128180,1821:128600,1833:135232,1891:139206,1942:143661,2022:144066,2028:150720,2055:160230,2330:177089,2641:192875,2836:196000,2863

DAStories

Tape: 1 Story: 1 - Slating of Charles Brown's interview

Tape: 1 Story: 2 - Charles Brown lists his favorites

Tape: 1 Story: 3 - Charles Brown talks about his mother's family background

Tape: 1 Story: 4 - Charles Brown explains why his maternal family left Mississippi and moved to Chicago, Illinois

Tape: 1 Story: 5 - Charles Brown talks about his father and lists his siblings

Tape: 1 Story: 6 - Charles Brown describes his father's family background and his mother's education

Tape: 1 Story: 7 - Charles Brown describes his earliest childhood memories of playing in Washington Park in Chicago, Illinois, pt. 1

Tape: 1 Story: 8 - Charles Brown describes his earliest childhood memories of playing in Washington Park in Chicago, Illinois, pt. 2

Tape: 2 Story: 1 - Charles Brown describes the sights, sounds and smells of growing up in Chicago, Illinois

Tape: 2 Story: 2 - Charles Brown talks about his early education at home and at Betsy Ross Elementary School in Chicago, Illinois

Tape: 2 Story: 3 - Charles Brown explains why he attended Dusable High School in Chicago, Illinois

Tape: 2 Story: 4 - Charles Brown talks about his favorite subject at Betsy Ross Elementary School in Chicago, Illinois

Tape: 2 Story: 5 - Charles Brown describes his activities at Betsy Ross Elementary School in Chicago, Illinois

Tape: 2 Story: 6 - Charles Brown compares class elections at Betsy Ross Elementary School to Democratic machine politics in Chicago, Illinois

Tape: 2 Story: 7 - Charles Brown recalls his teachers at Betsy Ross Elementary School and DuSable High School in Chicago, Illinois

Tape: 2 Story: 8 - Charles Brown recalls how he first began playing basketball during his time at DuSable High School in Chicago, Illinois

Tape: 3 Story: 1 - Charles Brown recalls playing basketball at DuSable High School in Chicago, Illinois

Tape: 3 Story: 2 - Charles Brown recalls the limited opportunities to play organized basketball as a child in Chicago, Illinois in the 1940s and 1950s

Tape: 3 Story: 3 - Charles Brown recalls his local sports heroes who went on to have professional careers

Tape: 3 Story: 4 - Charles Brown recalls trying other sports such as football and wrestling

Tape: 3 Story: 5 - Charles Brown talks about his jump shot

Tape: 3 Story: 6 - Charles Brown describes the basketball position he played at DuSable High School in Chicago, Illinois

Tape: 3 Story: 7 - Charles Brown lists the players on the 1953 and 1954 DuSable High School basketball teams, and other good basketball teams in Chicago, Illinois

Tape: 4 Story: 1 - Charles Brown recalls the DuSable High School basketball team's opponents in the Chicago Public School Athletic League

Tape: 4 Story: 2 - Charles Brown talks about the restrictions against African Americans playing division one college basketball in the 1950s

Tape: 4 Story: 3 - Charles Brown talks about the Seattle University vs. the University of Kentucky 1958 NCAA Championship Game

Tape: 4 Story: 4 - Charles Brown recalls the career of professional basketball player Bob Boozer

Tape: 4 Story: 5 - Charles Brown talks about facing discrimination in travel accommodations while playing Amateur Athletic Union basketball

Tape: 4 Story: 6 - Charles Brown recalls playing against white teams with hostile fans in high school and college

Tape: 4 Story: 7 - Charles Brown talks about lessons he learned for navigating tense interactions in various situations

Tape: 4 Story: 8 - Charles Brown recalls the 1954 Illinois boys state basketball championship game, pt. 1

Tape: 5 Story: 1 - Charles Brown recalls the 1954 Illinois boys state basketball championship game, pt. 2

Tape: 5 Story: 2 - Charles Brown reflects upon the officiating in the 1954 Illinois boys state basketball Championship game

Tape: 5 Story: 3 - Charles Brown talks about his knee injury and recovering from his knee surgery

Tape: 5 Story: 4 - Charles Brown talks about his career after he stopped playing basketball

Tape: 5 Story: 5 - Charles Brown talks about officiating youth basketball

Tape: 5 Story: 6 - Charles Brown explains the origins of the Windy City Shootout, pt. 1

Tape: 5 Story: 7 - Charles Brown explains the origins of the Windy City Shootout, pt. 2

Tape: 6 Story: 1 - Charles Brown remembers the first Windy City Shootout tournament in 1990

Tape: 6 Story: 2 - Charles Brown talks about the Windy City Shootout and continuing to play basketball as a senior citizen

Tape: 6 Story: 3 - Charles Brown explains how players are assigned to teams in the Windy City Senior Basketball League

Tape: 6 Story: 4 - Charles Brown reflects upon the U.S. Men's Basketball Team's loss in the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece

Tape: 6 Story: 5 - Charles Brown describes his hopes and concerns for the African American community

Tape: 6 Story: 6 - Charles Brown reflects upon his life

Tape: 6 Story: 7 - Charles Brown reflects upon his legacy

Tape: 6 Story: 8 - Charles Brown lists his children and grandchild

Tape: 6 Story: 9 - Charles Brown describes how he would like to be remembered

DASession

1$1

DATape

3$4

DAStory

5$2

DATitle

Charles Brown talks about his jump shot

Charles Brown talks about the restrictions against African Americans playing division one college basketball in the 1950s

Transcript

Let's just take you back to DuSable [High School, Chicago, Illinois] in 19--now when you--I was asking you about some, some of the heroes, sports heroes around town and stuff but when, when you started playing basketball, now you just, just started as an eighth grader, I mean what were the, what were the skills that you had to work on the hardest? I mean what, what could you do you know at that time? I mean what was your best skill in that?$$My best skill was shooting always. And I was known for just a long shot. I had one shot when I started. It was a hook shot. I took the ball and turned my back to the basket because I was too small to do anything else. When I learned how to shoot the jump shot, it was just coming into being. There was no jump shot, that was a one hand push and a jump shot it was something that was unheard of. I think someone said that a guy by the name of Hank Luisetti was supposed to have originated the jump shot, that's arguably you know true but we don't know. But I had a one handed push shot after learning how to hold the ball on the bottom with one hand and then pushing it away with the other. That was my shot. But then after realizing you can get your shot off a lot faster if you were on the run and you stopped and jumped and shot it. And so I developed this shot along with many guys who were experimenting with it at the time. A guy by the name of Ed Spears [ph.], he was a teammate of ours. He's one of the three people that graduated in my junior year at half season. That January graduation that was the year we were--we did win the city championship with three new members coming up from the, the bench. But Ed Spears had what we considered the, the most perfect jump shot ever and he could hit it eight, nine, ten, eight out of ten easily. Eddy was a--also a neighborhood of mine. He lived in the next block and we're still friends. But Eddy would shoot what we call the rocking chair jump shot. He'd get up in the air and he'd sit down. And he'd shoot the ball as if he was sitting in a chair. And it was one of the most--it was the prettiest shot that you wanna see. And he was a nervous kind of guy. But when he jumped up in the air he looked like he just relaxed and it looked like he was looking at television, just shooting the ball. Well he opened up the [Illinois] Tech [Holiday Basketball] Tournament with like four, five, six of these in my junior year. He's still known and he still shoots that shot. I think he's almost seventy years old but he can still shoot that shot. It still looks good to me today as it did way back when. And I have some footage a couple of years ago we played a, a rematch, a fundraising game against [Theodore] Roosevelt High School [Chicago, Illinois] over at Roosevelt. And I got him on film shooting that shot. I can use that same film and reflect it all the way back to 1953 and you couldn't tell the difference between the guy. So that was my favorite shot was the jump shot--$$Okay.$$--and that was the shot that Coach [Jim] Brown said "Son if you don't have to drive to the basket, if you don't have to dribble the ball and you can make seven to eight out of ten from right here, why bother." And his favorite saying was "Shoot the ball son, shoot the ball," that was it and maybe slap the hell out of you. (Laughter) And then you'd go and do what Jim Brown said. You know, but that was his saying and even now many of the guys they get together and they look at each other and use that term, "Shoot the ball son," you know so you can see jump shot without a doubt, without a doubt. That was a favorite shot.$We all went to college 'cause Jim Brown was good at seeing to it that we all got into college. Paxton [Lumpkin] and I went to Indiana University in Bloomington [Indiana]. Curly [Johnson] and Shellie [McMillon] went to Bradley [University] down in Peoria [Illinois]. Bobby Jackson went to Northern [Illinois University] up in DeKalb [Illinois]. Karl Dennis also went to Northern. I am not sure where all the rest of the guys go but I'm sure if I thought about it I could tell you each one. But those are the ones that have come to mind that went to the major colleges because at that time blacks weren't attending major colleges at division one. Division one didn't have blacks playing and even when we went to play, the unwritten rule across the country among all the division one coaches, you played one black, two max.$$Right.$$And you don't play more than two unless you're losing. And so was the case when Paxton and I was in Indiana, the other two blacks were Hallie Bryant who went on to play twenty-five years with the [Harlem] Globetrotters because he couldn't play in the NBA [National Basketball Association] and Wally Choice, Montclair, New Jersey.$$Oh.$$And I can remember being a part of a, a game against Michigan State [University, East Lansing, Michigan] at that time Julius McCoy who was All American in football and basketball at Michigan State. We were losing like seventeen points and Coach [Branch] McCracken put in all four black guys. We caught up and I think we took a three point maybe two, three or four point lead. And he jumped up on the floor in the middle of a fast break and called time out. And there was mass substitution. All the blacks came out. And we won the game, but it was a very obvious move that we had worked our butts off to get to get to this--to take this lead back from a seventeen point deficit and then we all came out. So the rule was adhered to. And you know you can talk to some you know white coaches now today they, they talk about this unwritten rule among division one coaches. And until the guy [Don Haskins] down at UTEP [Texas Western College of the University of Texas; The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas] who won the NCAA [National Collegiate Athletic Association] championship and he received a lot of pressure because they, they said that he had an all black team. And Carl Nicks in the--from Englewood High School [Chicago, Illinois] was on that team. No Carl Nicks I think he was with Larry Bird down in Indiana State [University, Terre Haute, Indiana], but there was someone else I think from Chicago [Illinois] on the UTEP team but anyway that was considered to be an all-black team which it wasn't not all-black, but it was primarily black. And they were like the first ones to win the NCAA championship. And he was criticized for using mostly black players.

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