%PDF-1.6
%
1 0 obj
<>
endobj
2 0 obj
<>stream
2023-05-30T21:26:41-05:00
2023-05-30T21:26:40-05:00
2023-05-30T21:26:41-05:00
Adobe Acrobat 23.0
application/pdf
Finding Aid to The HistoryMakers ® Video Oral History with Ora Higgins
uuid:84d29aaa-fd58-451e-b899-d09043bf1b5c
uuid:7d6f412c-f6cd-4a55-8518-023b57e2ba90
Acrobat Web Capture 15.0
endstream
endobj
5 0 obj
<>
endobj
6 0 obj
<>
endobj
3 0 obj
<>
endobj
7 0 obj
<>
endobj
8 0 obj
<>
endobj
18 0 obj
<>>>
endobj
19 0 obj
<>
endobj
20 0 obj
<>
endobj
22 0 obj
[21 0 R 21 0 R]
endobj
23 0 obj
[21 0 R 21 0 R]
endobj
24 0 obj
[21 0 R 21 0 R]
endobj
25 0 obj
[21 0 R 21 0 R]
endobj
26 0 obj
[21 0 R 21 0 R]
endobj
21 0 obj
<><><><><><><><>]/P 19 0 R/Pg 13 0 R/S/Article>>
endobj
13 0 obj
<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/StructParents 0/Type/Page>>
endobj
27 0 obj
<>stream
BT
/Artifact <>BDC
/TT0 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 5 779 Tm
(Finding Aid to The HistoryMakers \256 Video Oral History with Ora Higgin\
s)Tj
EMC
/Artifact <>BDC
0 -86 TD
(file:///192.168.19.4/Company/HM%20Interviews/Finding%20Aids/EAD/A2003_21\
1_EAD.html)Tj
38.887 0 Td
([5/30/2023 9:26:40 PM])Tj
EMC
ET
1 g
10 36 591.75 729.75 re
f
0.604 g
q 1 0 0 1 16.0002 682.4997 cm
0 0 m
0.75 -0.75 l
579 -0.75 l
579.749 0 l
h
f
Q
0.933 g
q 1 0 0 1 16.7499 681.75 cm
0 0 m
-0.75 -0.75 l
579 -0.75 l
578.25 0 l
h
f
Q
0.604 g
q 1 0 0 1 16.0002 681.0003 cm
0 0 m
0.75 0.75 l
0 1.499 l
h
f
Q
0.933 g
q 1 0 0 1 594.9999 681.75 cm
0 0 m
0.75 -0.75 l
0.75 0.75 l
h
f
Q
0.604 g
q 1 0 0 1 16.0002 427.5 cm
0 0 m
0.75 -0.75 l
579 -0.75 l
579.749 0 l
h
f
Q
0.933 g
q 1 0 0 1 16.7499 426.7503 cm
0 0 m
-0.75 -0.751 l
579 -0.751 l
578.25 0 l
h
f
Q
0.604 g
q 1 0 0 1 16.0002 425.9997 cm
0 0 m
0.75 0.751 l
0 1.5 l
h
f
Q
0.933 g
q 1 0 0 1 594.9999 426.7503 cm
0 0 m
0.75 -0.751 l
0.75 0.75 l
h
f
Q
/Article <>BDC
EMC
BT
/Article <>BDC
0 g
/TT1 1 Tf
18 0 0 18 33.7041 743.25 Tm
(Finding Aid to The HistoryMakers \256 Video Oral History with Ora)Tj
13.287 -1.208 Td
(Higgins)Tj
14.25 0 0 14.25 18.25 656.25 Tm
(Overview of the Collection)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
12 0 0 12 18.25 624.75 Tm
(Repository:)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
12.125 0 Td
(The HistoryMakers\2561900 S. Michigan Avenue Chicago, Illinois 60616)Tj
0 -1.125 TD
(info@thehistorymakers.com www.thehistorymakers.com)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
-12.125 -1.375 Td
(Creator:)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
12.125 0 Td
(Higgins, Ora, 1910-2012)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
-12.125 -1.375 Td
(Title:)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
12.125 0 Td
(The HistoryMakers\256 Video Oral History Interview with Ora Higgins,)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
-12.125 -1.375 Td
(Dates:)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
12.125 0 Td
(August 29, 2003)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
-12.125 -1.375 Td
(Bulk Dates:)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
12.125 0 Td
(2003)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
-12.125 -1.375 Td
(Physical Description:)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
12.125 0 Td
(4 Betacame SP videocasettes \(1:42:30\).)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
-12.125 -1.375 Td
(Abstract:)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
12.125 0 Td
(Civic leader Ora Higgins \(1910 - 2012 \) is the first African American \
woman to engineer)Tj
T*
(a corporate integration plan as a)Tj
/Span<>> BDC
( )Tj
EMC
13.05 0 Td
(personnel manager. Higgins was interviewed by The)Tj
-13.05 -1.125 Td
(HistoryMakers\256 on August 29, 2003, in Chicago, Illinois. This collect\
ion)Tj
/Span<>> BDC
( )Tj
EMC
29.812 0 Td
(is comprised)Tj
-29.812 -1.125 Td
(of the original video footage of the interview.)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
-12.125 -1.375 Td
(Identification:)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
12.125 0 Td
(A2003_211)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
-12.125 -1.375 Td
(Language:)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
12.125 0 Td
(The interview and records are in English.)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
14.25 0 0 14.25 16 399 Tm
(Biographical Note by The HistoryMakers\256)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
12 0 0 12 40.75 370.5 Tm
(Civic leader Ora Higgins was born in Birmingham, Alabama, in 1910. After\
moving to Chicago to earn her B.A.)Tj
T*
(degree in personnel)Tj
/Span<>> BDC
( )Tj
EMC
8.08 0 Td
(administration and her M.A. degree in business law from Northwestern Uni\
versity, Higgins set)Tj
-8.08 -1.125 Td
(out on a career that would open)Tj
/Span<>> BDC
( )Tj
EMC
12.856 0 Td
(doors for countless African Americans.)Tj
-12.856 -2.125 Td
(Higgins went to work for Spiegel, one of the largest mail order retail b\
usinesses in the world, after earning her)Tj
T*
(degrees.)Tj
/Span<>> BDC
( )Tj
EMC
(In 1945, Spiegel began a comprehensive integration of its facilities, an\
d Higgins was placed in charge of)Tj
T*
(the program. In)Tj
/Span<>> BDC
( )Tj
EMC
6.442 0 Td
(this position, Higgins became the first African American woman to engine\
er a major industrial)Tj
-6.442 -1.125 Td
(integration program. )Tj
8.47 0 Td
(Higgins)Tj
/Span<>> BDC
( )Tj
EMC
(began her work by initiating an education program for executives and sup\
ervisors,)Tj
-8.47 -1.125 Td
(helping to break down stereotypes and assuage)Tj
/Span<>> BDC
( )Tj
EMC
19.022 0 Td
(any fears they might have. )Tj
10.83 0 Td
(From there, she began to manage the)Tj
-29.852 -1.125 Td
(personnel, numbering in the hundreds, covering hiring, training,)Tj
/Span<>> BDC
( )Tj
EMC
25.883 0 Td
(and any problems employees might experience.)Tj
-25.883 -1.125 Td
(Spiegel's integration program was complete in every way, paying the same\
wages)Tj
/Span<>> BDC
( )Tj
EMC
32.92 0 Td
(to all employees, regardless of)Tj
-32.92 -1.125 Td
(race, utilizing the same facilities; she would remain with the company f\
or thirty-one years.)Tj
/Span<>> BDC
( )Tj
EMC
36.488 0 Td
(In 1950, Higgins was)Tj
-36.488 -1.125 Td
(brought in to consult and engineer an integration program for various de\
partment stores in the Chicago)Tj
/Span<>> BDC
( )Tj
EMC
41.378 0 Td
(Loop, the)Tj
-41.378 -1.125 Td
(financial and business center of the city. )Tj
16.328 0 Td
(During President Lyndon Johnson's administration, Higgins spoke before)Tj
-16.328 -1.125 Td
(the United States Department of Labor on race, poverty, and the need for\
peace.)Tj
0 -2.125 TD
(In addition to her years of service to Spiegel and her work with integra\
tion programs, Higgins was active on a)Tj
0 -1.125 TD
(number of organizations)Tj
/Span<>> BDC
( )Tj
EMC
10.025 0 Td
(and committees. )Tj
6.804 0 Td
(Higgins was a member of the Women's Division of the National)Tj
-16.829 -1.125 Td
(Conference of Christians and Jews; the National)Tj
/Span<>> BDC
( )Tj
EMC
19.578 0 Td
(Chairman of Women in Industry; and a member of the Executive)Tj
-19.578 -1.125 Td
(Board of the Metropolitan YWCA. )Tj
14.275 0 Td
(Higgins was also a member of)Tj
/Span<>> BDC
( )Tj
EMC
12.386 0 Td
(the faculty of Dunbar Vocational Evening)Tj
-26.661 -1.125 Td
(School. Clark Atlanta University named a scholarship on Higgins's behalf\
, and the)Tj
/Span<>> BDC
( )Tj
EMC
33.229 0 Td
(state of Illinois declared)Tj
-33.229 -1.125 Td
(October 27, 2002, Ora Higgins's Youth Foundation Day. )Tj
(In September of 2009, Ora Higgins was honored)Tj
/Span<>> BDC
( )Tj
EMC
42.618 0 Td
(upon the)Tj
-42.618 -1.125 Td
(occasion of her ninety-ninth birthday; at that time she counted a daught\
er, eighteen grandchildren, and one great-)Tj
T*
(grandchild,)Tj
/Span<>> BDC
( )Tj
EMC
4.776 0 Td
(among her descendants.)Tj
EMC
ET
endstream
endobj
28 0 obj
<>
endobj
29 0 obj
(J^ur800 )
endobj
30 0 obj
<>
endobj
31 0 obj
<>
endobj
32 0 obj
<>
endobj
37 0 obj
<>
endobj
38 0 obj
<>stream
H\N0E
/aҦHQ%ɴDzu"7]o. K